Maintaining optimal vascular health also means making the right choices to prevent heart problems when you’re older, such as Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs). These silent threats often go undetected until they rupture, which is why screening has become so important.
At Vascular Specialists of Central Florida, we work with patients who are at risk and understand the symptoms that you might experience, as well as what you can do to reduce your risk of developing AAA. In fact, it’s much easier to prevent by taking steps when you’re younger, as AAAs represent 1% of all deaths for men over 65.
Here’s what you need to know about AAAs, their risks, detection, and management.
What Are Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms?
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an abnormal bulge in the aorta, the main artery of the body. These aneurysms often develop without symptoms, making early detection challenging. If an AAA ruptures, it can cause severe internal bleeding and potentially fatal outcomes.
1. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Affect Men More
The prevalence of AAA ranges from 3% to 8% in screening studies, primarily affecting men. In women, AAA generally appears about 10 years later than in men.
Age also plays an important role as the risk of AAA increases with age, particularly in men over 65 years old.
2. Key Risk Factors of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Several factors can increase your risk of developing an AAA. However, smoking is a major risk factor, with 75% of abdominal aortic aneurysms occurring in people with a history of smoking.
Here are the main factors that will increase your risk of AAA:
- Smoking: Tobacco use is a significant risk factor, particularly for men. Smoking can weaken the aortic wall, leading to an increased risk of AAA development and rupture.
- Male gender: Men are more likely to develop AAAs than women, with a higher prevalence and mortality rate.
- Age: The risk of AAA increases with age, especially in men over 65 years old.
- Hypertension: High blood pressure is a significant risk factor, as it can contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall.
- Atherosclerosis: The buildup of plaque in the arteries can lead to inflammation and weakening of the aortic wall, increasing the risk of AAA.
- Family history: A family history of AAA can increase an individual’s risk of developing the condition.
- Hyperlipidemia: High levels of cholesterol and other lipids in the blood can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and AAA.
- Obesity: Higher body mass index (BMI) has been linked to an increased risk of AAA.
Talk to your doctor if you think any of these risk factors apply to you. Most vascular specialists offer an AAA screening.
3. Aneurysm Size Plays a Factor
Rupture rates increase markedly with aneurysm diameter. For each 0.5 cm increase in AAA diameter, rates increase by 0.5 mm/year, and rupture rates double.
4. Aneurysms are Silent Threats
Most AAAs are asymptomatic until they expand or rupture, making screening and early detection. Symptoms will usually be latent until an abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures. It is only then that patients will experience one or more of the following:
- Sudden shooting pain in the abdomen or back
- Pain extending from the belly to the groin, buttocks, and lower limbs
- Sweatiness and dizziness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Quickening pulse
- Shock or fainting
- Drop in blood pressure (hypotension)
If you experience these symptoms, head to the ER and seek immediate treatment.
5. Importance of Diagnosing and Screening for AAA
Regular screenings are critical for individuals at risk, especially older adults and smokers. Diagnostic tests such as ultrasounds or CT scans are effective in detecting AAAs. Early detection through screening can significantly improve treatment options and outcomes.
According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, men aged 65-75 who have smoked should consider a one-time ultrasound screening for AAA. Regular screenings make it easier to detect irregularities and stop lifestyle choices that are worsening your arteries.
6. Specialized Care for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
If diagnosed with an AAA, seeking specialized care is essential. Vascular surgeons, such as those at the Vascular Specialists of Central Florida, specialize in managing aortic aneurysms. Their expertise ensures comprehensive care and tailored treatment plans.
7. What Questions to Ask Your Vascular Surgeon
When consulting with your vascular surgeon, consider asking:
- What size is my AAA, and how fast is it growing?
- What are the risks and benefits of different treatment options?
- How often should I have follow-up screenings or tests?
8. Treatment Options and Interventions
The management of AAAs varies based on their size and growth rate:
- Monitoring: Smaller aneurysms may be monitored regularly.
- Surgical Intervention: Larger aneurysms may require surgical repair or minimally invasive procedures to prevent rupture.
9. Innovative Approaches
Minimally invasive endovascular repair is becoming more common for treating AAAs. This approach reduces recovery times and offers promising outcomes.
10. Lifestyle and Preventive Measures
Changing your lifestyle and making healthier choices is the best way to reduce your risk for AAA. Here are some of the things that have been proven to decrease your risk:
Quit Smoking: Reduces the risk of aneurysm growth and rupture.- Healthy Diet: Maintaining a balanced diet supports vascular health.
- Control Blood Pressure and Cholesterol: Keeping these levels in check is vital.
- Regular Exercise: Contributes significantly to overall vascular health.
Your Vascular Health Matters
Timely intervention and proactive management significantly reduce the risks associated with AAAs. Prioritize your vascular health by seeking specialized care from the Vascular Specialists of Central Florida. Take proactive steps toward a healthier you by requesting an appointment today.